A characteristic of an organization that shows concern for the people and environment in which it transacts business with such concerns being communicated and enforced within the entire organization and, in some cases, with business partners.

A form of standard price adjustment offered to special classes of customers and not to the overall target market.

Wholesale format represented by distributors that carry a narrow but very deep product line and who mostly offers their services to specific industries (e.g., supply only electronic products).

A category of consumer products with characteristics that include: product appeals to small target market who often know exactly the brand they want; product is relatively very expensive; and product is exclusively distributed.

A form of advertising where marketers pay or offer to provide resources (e.g., free product, services) for the purpose of being seen as a supporter of an event, program or product offering (e.g., section of a website).

A part of the marketer’s external environment that are represented by groups who have an interest (i.e., stake) in the company and include Connected Stakeholders and Peripheral Stakeholders.

Changes to a company’s initial product pricing that are consistently part of the marketer’s pricing program and not adjustments that only arise as part of special promotions and include Quantity Discounts, Trade Allowances, Geographic Pricing and Special Segment Discounts.

Retailers selling to customers through physical retail outlets.

A type of business purchase decision that involves routine order placement that often leads to buyers buying the same product and not evaluating other product options or other brands.

The planned direction the marketing effort takes over some period of time that serves as a general guide to decision-making.

Found within the Culture component of the external influences on consumer buying behavior, this concept represents smaller groups sharing similar values such as ethnicity, geographic location, and special interests.

Consists of organizations engaged in activities, either formally or informally, that provide the necessary links between the beginning of product creation and the delivery of product to customers.

Method of data collection, often associated with Quantitative Research, that captures information through the input of responses to a research instrument containing questions (i.e., questionnaire).

A form of sales promotion, mainly used in the consumer market, that awards something of value to winners not based on skill but rather based on luck and, in general, through random selection.